Background of the Rebellion
Bosnia and Herzegovina had been under Ottoman control since the late 15th century. By the 19th century, the peasants in these provinces were suffering from heavy taxation, feudal oppression, and economic hardships. The Ottoman Empire’s decline and the rise of nationalistic sentiments further fueled the unrest among the local population.
Causes of the Uprising
The rebellion was primarily driven by:
1. Economic Hardships: High taxes and feudal dues burdened the peasantry, leading to widespread poverty and discontent.
2. Feudal Oppression: The local landowners, known as beys and aghas, exerted harsh control over the peasants, exacerbating their suffering.
3. Nationalistic Aspirations: Inspired by the nationalist movements across Europe, the peasants sought independence from Ottoman rule and desired self-governance.
The Rebellion
On July 29th, 1875, the peasants in the village of Nevesinje in Herzegovina launched an armed revolt against the Ottoman authorities. The rebellion quickly spread to other parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The insurgents were poorly armed but highly motivated, utilizing guerrilla tactics to fight the Ottoman forces.
Response of the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire responded with military force, attempting to suppress the uprising. However, the rebellion gained momentum and attracted the attention of neighboring countries and European powers. The brutality of the Ottoman response drew international condemnation and increased support for the rebels.
Aftermath and Significance
The rebellion in Bosnia and Herzegovina lasted for several years and eventually led to the involvement of other Balkan states. It was a precursor to the broader Balkan uprisings and the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878. The Treaty of Berlin in 1878 granted Austro-Hungarian administration over Bosnia and Herzegovina, effectively ending Ottoman control and laying the groundwork for future independence movements in the Balkans.
Sources
“Bosnian Uprising of 1875–1878.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 2023. [Link](https://www.britannica.com/event/Bosnian-Uprising-of-1875-1878)
Sugar, Peter F. “Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, 1354-1804.” University of Washington Press, 1977.
Jelavich, Barbara. “History of the Balkans: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries.” Cambridge University Press, 1983.